- Karl Marx: Karl Marx was a prominent thinker in the field of sociology and is known for his work on the theory of historical materialism and class struggle. His main concern was with social inequalities and the impact of economic structures on human behavior. Regarding substance abuse, Marx would likely view it as a symptom of deeper social problems rooted in the capitalist system.
Marx might argue that substance abuse arises from the alienation and exploitation of the working class in a capitalist society. He would probably highlight how the working class turns to substances as a form of escape or coping mechanism from the harsh realities of their lives. Additionally, Marx could criticize the commodification of substances and the profit-driven motives of drug manufacturers and distributors, pointing to the exploitative nature of the capitalist market.
- Emile Durkheim: Emile Durkheim is often considered the founder of modern sociology and is best known for his study of social integration and collective consciousness. He emphasized the importance of social norms and values in shaping individual behavior. When it comes to substance abuse, Durkheim's perspective would likely revolve around the concept of social solidarity.
Durkheim might argue that substance abuse occurs when there is a breakdown in social integration and cohesion. He would examine the rates of substance abuse in different communities and try to identify the social factors that contribute to its prevalence. Durkheim might view substance abuse as a symptom of anomie, a state of normlessness and lack of social regulation, which leads individuals to engage in harmful behaviors as a way to fill the void of purpose and belonging.
Both Marx and Durkheim would agree that substance abuse is not merely an individual problem but has deep social and structural roots. They would look at the broader societal context and its impact on individuals' choices and behaviors, and both would likely advocate for social changes to address the underlying issues contributing to substance abuse. Marx would emphasize economic and class-related reforms, while Durkheim would stress the importance of strengthening social bonds and promoting a sense of community and belonging.