Several groups of people are more vulnerable to heat stress due to various physiological and environmental factors. Heat stress occurs when the body's ability to regulate its internal temperature is overwhelmed, typically in hot and humid conditions. The following individuals are at higher risk:
Elderly individuals: Older adults often have reduced sweating capacity, which impairs their ability to cool down efficiently. They may also have preexisting medical conditions that affect their heat tolerance.
Infants and young children: Young children have a higher metabolic rate and produce more heat relative to their body size. Additionally, they may not communicate discomfort effectively, making it challenging to recognize early signs of heat stress.
People with chronic medical conditions: Individuals with heart disease, respiratory conditions, diabetes, and obesity are at higher risk of heat stress due to underlying health challenges that affect heat regulation and cardiovascular response.
Pregnant women: Pregnant women experience hormonal and metabolic changes that can elevate their body temperature, making them more susceptible to heat stress.
Outdoor workers: People who work outdoors, especially in jobs with high physical exertion, are at increased risk of heat stress due to prolonged exposure to hot conditions.
Athletes: Athletes engaged in strenuous physical activity during hot weather may experience heat stress, especially if proper hydration and cooling strategies are not implemented.
Individuals with limited access to cooling resources: Those who lack access to air conditioning or cooling shelters are at higher risk during heatwaves and extreme heat events.
Individuals living in urban heat islands: Urban areas tend to be hotter than surrounding rural areas due to the concentration of buildings, roads, and heat-absorbing surfaces. Residents in these areas may face increased heat stress.
People taking certain medications: Some medications, such as antihistamines, diuretics, and beta-blockers, can impair the body's ability to cool down, putting individuals at higher risk of heat stress.
Individuals with limited mobility or social isolation: People who have difficulty moving around or lack social support may be less able to seek cooler environments during hot weather.
It is essential for vulnerable individuals and their caregivers to be aware of the risks of heat stress and take preventive measures during hot weather. Staying hydrated, seeking shade or air-conditioned environments, wearing appropriate clothing, and avoiding strenuous activities during peak heat hours are some of the ways to reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses in susceptible populations.