Self-actualization is a psychological term that was introduced by the humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow as the highest level of psychological development and fulfillment that an individual can achieve. It is a concept within Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is a theory of human motivation and needs.
According to Maslow, self-actualization is the realization and fulfillment of an individual's full potential and the desire to become the best version of oneself. It represents the highest level of personal growth and development, where a person strives to achieve their unique talents, abilities, and potential in a meaningful and authentic way.
In the hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is situated at the top, after more basic needs such as physiological needs (food, water, shelter), safety needs, social needs (belongingness, love), and esteem needs (self-esteem, respect from others). As these more fundamental needs are met, a person can then focus on personal growth, self-discovery, and self-expression, leading them towards self-actualization.
Characteristics of self-actualized individuals, according to Maslow, include:
- Realism and acceptance of oneself and others.
- Autonomy and independence, while also maintaining deep connections with others.
- A sense of purpose and mission in life.
- Continuous personal growth and pursuit of challenges.
- Spontaneity, creativity, and openness to new experiences.
- A strong desire for personal fulfillment and to contribute positively to the world.
- Non-hostile sense of humor and ability to find joy in life.
- Philosophical and deep appreciation for life and its mysteries.
It is important to note that self-actualization is a lifelong process, and not everyone may reach this stage fully. Maslow believed that only a small percentage of individuals achieve self-actualization in their lifetime. However, the pursuit of self-actualization and personal growth is seen as an essential aspect of living a fulfilling and meaningful life.