During an anxiety or panic attack, the body goes into "fight-or-flight" mode, which is the body's natural response to a perceived threat or danger. This response is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system. The feeling of paralysis or immobilization during an anxiety or panic attack is linked to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of certain hormones.
When you experience a threat or stressor, the sympathetic nervous system activates the release of adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. These hormones trigger various physiological changes to prepare the body for action, including increased heart rate, rapid breathing, dilation of the pupils, and increased blood flow to muscles. This response is helpful when facing immediate danger as it helps you to respond quickly.
However, in the case of anxiety or panic attacks, this response can be triggered even when there is no immediate physical threat. The brain perceives the situation as dangerous, leading to the activation of the fight-or-flight response, including the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
One of the effects of this activation is the inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for calming the body and promoting rest and digestion. This inhibition can lead to a feeling of paralysis or immobilization, as the body is flooded with stress hormones that can temporarily freeze certain physical responses.
Additionally, during an anxiety or panic attack, the brain's amygdala, which is involved in processing emotions and fear, becomes hyperactive. This can lead to a heightened perception of threat and an overwhelming sense of fear or terror, further exacerbating the physical symptoms, including the feeling of paralysis.
It's important to note that while the feeling of paralysis during an anxiety or panic attack can be distressing, it is a natural physiological response and not harmful in itself. Understanding the biological basis of these reactions can be helpful in managing anxiety and panic attacks, as it can help to recognize that these responses are not indicative of a life-threatening situation. If you are experiencing frequent or severe anxiety or panic attacks, it is essential to seek help from a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.