Yes, individuals with bipolar disorder can experience psychotic episodes, similar to those seen in schizophrenia. When someone with bipolar disorder experiences psychosis, it is referred to as "bipolar with psychotic features" or "bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms."
Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder can occur during both the manic and depressive phases of the illness. Here's how it breaks down:
Manic Psychotic Episodes: During a manic episode, a person may experience symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there) and delusions (false and strongly held beliefs that are not based in reality). For example, someone in a manic state might believe they have superpowers or that they are invincible.
Depressive Psychotic Episodes: In some cases, during a severe depressive episode, a person with bipolar disorder may also experience psychotic symptoms. These could include feelings of extreme guilt or worthlessness, false beliefs about being terminally ill, or hallucinations that are consistent with their depressive feelings.
It's important to note that while psychotic symptoms can occur in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, there are significant differences between the two conditions. Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder, meaning that psychosis is a central and defining feature of the illness. On the other hand, in bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms are episodic and typically occur in the context of mood episodes (manic or depressive).
In some instances, distinguishing between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features can be challenging, especially when psychotic symptoms are present outside of mood episodes. Proper diagnosis and differentiation are crucial for appropriate treatment and management of the condition.
If someone is experiencing psychotic symptoms or any other mental health concerns, it is essential to seek help from a qualified mental health professional for evaluation, diagnosis, and personalized treatment.