The treatment for a person with schizophrenia experiencing involuntary muscle movements (dyskinesia) will depend on the specific cause of the dyskinesia. Dyskinesia can be a side effect of certain antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia, known as tardive dyskinesia, or it could be related to other factors.
If dyskinesia is related to medication side effects:
Medication Adjustment: The first step is often to adjust the dosage or switch to a different antipsychotic medication that has a lower risk of causing dyskinesia. However, this decision must be carefully made by a psychiatrist, considering the benefits of the antipsychotic medication for managing schizophrenia symptoms.
Anticholinergic Medications: In some cases, anticholinergic medications may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of dyskinesia. These drugs can help reduce the involuntary movements.
Valbenazine and Deutetrabenazine: These are newer medications specifically approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and can be considered in some cases.
Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections: In certain situations, botulinum toxin injections may be used to target specific muscle groups affected by dyskinesia.
If dyskinesia is unrelated to medication side effects:
Further Evaluation: The person may need a comprehensive evaluation to determine the underlying cause of the dyskinesia, as it could be due to other medical conditions or neurological issues.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may help manage the symptoms and improve motor control.
Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy can assist in developing strategies to cope with any functional difficulties resulting from the dyskinesia.
Speech Therapy: If the dyskinesia affects speech, speech therapy may be helpful.
It is crucial for the individual to work closely with a psychiatrist and other healthcare professionals experienced in treating movement disorders to develop an individualized treatment plan. Treatment decisions should consider both the management of schizophrenia symptoms and the appropriate management of dyskinesia to enhance the person's overall well-being and quality of life.