sociopathy and psychopathy are terms that have been historically used to describe certain patterns of behavior associated with certain personality disorders. However, it's important to note that the use of these terms in the field of psychology has evolved over time, and there is ongoing debate among professionals about their exact definitions and classifications.
In the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, the term "psychopathy" is not used as a specific diagnosis. Instead, there is a diagnosis called "Antisocial Personality Disorder" (ASPD) that encompasses some of the traits that were previously associated with psychopathy. The terms "sociopathy" and "psychopathy" are still sometimes used informally or in certain research contexts, but they are not official psychiatric diagnoses.
Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) typically display a persistent pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, lack of empathy, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. It's important to understand that not everyone with ASPD is a violent criminal; in fact, only a minority of individuals with this disorder engage in serious criminal behavior.
Regarding the curability of mental illness in individuals with ASPD or similar traits, personality disorders, including ASPD, are generally considered difficult to treat and change, particularly in adults. Personality traits and patterns tend to be ingrained over time and can be resistant to change. That being said, some individuals with ASPD may show improvement with specialized therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or dialectical behavior therapy, but complete "cure" is often considered unlikely.
It's essential to remember that mental illness is a complex and diverse field, and the understanding and treatment of various conditions continue to evolve with ongoing research. If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health concerns, seeking professional help from a qualified mental health practitioner is the best course of action. They can provide a proper assessment and guidance on treatment options.