Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. The most common causes of miscarriage can vary depending on the stage of pregnancy, but some general factors include:
Chromosomal Abnormalities: The most common cause of miscarriage, especially during the first trimester, is chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo or fetus. These abnormalities typically occur by chance during the process of cell division and are not related to the health of the mother.
Maternal Age: Advanced maternal age, typically over 35 years, increases the risk of miscarriage. As women age, the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in their eggs rises, making miscarriage more common.
Medical Conditions: Certain pre-existing medical conditions in the mother, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and autoimmune disorders, can increase the risk of miscarriage.
Uterine Abnormalities: Structural abnormalities of the uterus, such as septate uterus or uterine fibroids, may interfere with implantation or the development of the fetus, leading to miscarriage.
Infections: Infections in the mother, such as bacterial or viral infections, can sometimes increase the risk of miscarriage, especially if left untreated.
Hormonal Imbalances: Imbalances in hormones essential for maintaining pregnancy, such as progesterone, can contribute to miscarriage.
Lifestyle Factors: Certain lifestyle factors can increase the risk of miscarriage, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and exposure to environmental toxins.
Maternal Trauma: Severe trauma or injury to the mother can lead to miscarriage.
Incompetent Cervix: An incompetent or weakened cervix can lead to miscarriage in the second trimester.
It's essential to note that in many cases, miscarriage is a result of a combination of factors, and sometimes the exact cause may not be identified. The vast majority of miscarriages are not preventable, and most women who experience a miscarriage go on to have successful pregnancies in the future. If a woman experiences recurrent miscarriages (three or more consecutive miscarriages), further medical evaluation and testing may be recommended to identify any underlying causes and potential treatments. If you or someone you know has experienced a miscarriage, it's essential to seek emotional support and care from healthcare professionals and support networks.