When people think they are better than everyone else and have an exaggerated sense of their own importance and abilities, it is often referred to as "narcissism" or "narcissistic personality traits." The term is derived from the Greek mythological character Narcissus, who fell in love with his own reflection.
Narcissism can manifest in various degrees, ranging from healthy self-confidence and a positive self-image to an extreme and pathological level known as "narcissistic personality disorder" (NPD). NPD is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a constant need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.
Individuals with narcissistic traits may exhibit the following behaviors and attitudes:
An inflated sense of self-importance: They may believe they are special, unique, or superior to others.
Constant need for admiration: They seek excessive praise, attention, and validation from others to boost their self-esteem.
Lack of empathy: They may struggle to understand or care about other people's feelings, needs, or experiences.
Exploitative behavior: They may take advantage of others to achieve their own goals without consideration for others' well-being.
Envy and arrogance: They may feel entitled to special treatment and harbor resentment or envy towards those they perceive as better or more successful.
Fragile self-esteem: Despite their outward confidence, their self-esteem is often delicate and easily bruised.
Difficulty handling criticism: They may react negatively to any criticism or perceived challenge to their self-worth.
It's important to note that having some narcissistic traits does not necessarily indicate a mental health disorder. Many people display mild narcissistic tendencies from time to time, and some level of self-confidence and healthy self-esteem is normal. However, when these traits become extreme and significantly impair interpersonal relationships and overall functioning, it may be indicative of NPD.
A diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder should only be made by a qualified mental health professional after a thorough evaluation. Treatment for NPD typically involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy, to address underlying issues and improve interpersonal skills.