Bees are generally not aggressive and will only sting as a form of self-defense or to protect their colony when they perceive a threat. The queen bee is a vital member of the colony, and the worker bees will work to protect her, but that doesn't mean they will only attack if you harm the queen specifically.
In most cases, bees will not attack humans or animals unless they feel threatened or provoked. Factors that can trigger defensive behavior include sudden movements, loud noises, strong scents (such as perfumes or colognes), and dark-colored or hairy clothing, which might be mistaken for predators like bears or skunks.
When a bee stings, it leaves behind its stinger, which is barbed and gets stuck in the skin of the victim. As a result, the bee dies shortly after delivering the sting. This is why bees are generally reluctant to sting and will only do so when they feel it's necessary for the protection of their colony.
It's essential to exercise caution and respect when around bees, especially if you are in close proximity to their hive or nest. If you encounter bees, try to remain calm and move away slowly and gently if they show signs of being agitated. In general, bees play a critical role in pollination and the ecosystem, so it's best to coexist peacefully with them and avoid unnecessary conflicts.