Depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD) or clinical depression, is a common and serious medical condition that affects a person's mood, thoughts, and behavior. It goes beyond normal feelings of sadness or temporary emotional responses to challenging life situations. Depression is characterized by persistent and intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable.
Symptoms of depression can vary from person to person, but some common signs and symptoms include:
Persistent Sadness: Feeling sad, empty, or tearful most of the day, nearly every day.
Loss of Interest or Pleasure: Losing interest in activities that were once enjoyable, including hobbies, socializing, or sex.
Changes in Appetite or Weight: Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in appetite.
Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping).
Fatigue or Loss of Energy: Feeling tired and lacking energy, even after minimal effort.
Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Experiencing excessive or inappropriate guilt or feeling worthless.
Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.
Restlessness or Slowed Movement: Restlessness or agitation, or conversely, slowed movements and speech.
Recurrent Thoughts of Death or Suicide: Having recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts.
It's important to note that not everyone with depression will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity and duration of symptoms can vary. Some individuals may also experience physical symptoms, such as unexplained aches and pains.
If you or someone you know is experiencing several of these symptoms and they persist for two weeks or longer, it may be a sign of clinical depression. It is essential to seek professional help from a mental health provider, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or licensed therapist, for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.
Depression is a treatable condition, and there are effective therapies and interventions available, including psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both. Seeking help early can lead to better outcomes and improve one's quality of life. If you or someone you know is in crisis or experiencing thoughts of suicide, please seek immediate help by contacting emergency services or a suicide prevention hotline in your country.