Extreme panic attacks can be frightening and debilitating experiences, and it's essential for your brother to seek professional help from a healthcare provider to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. That being said, here are some potential factors that could contribute to his behavior:
Panic Disorder: Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. These attacks often come on suddenly and are accompanied by intense fear and physical symptoms, such as a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, and the feeling of losing control. People with panic disorder may avoid situations or places where they fear experiencing another attack.
Nighttime Panic Attacks: Nocturnal panic attacks are panic attacks that occur during sleep. They can wake individuals from their sleep, leading to confusion and disorientation. These attacks can be especially distressing due to the combination of intense fear and the altered state of consciousness that comes with waking from sleep.
Agoraphobia: In some cases, panic attacks can be associated with agoraphobia, which is a fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing in the event of a panic attack. This can lead individuals to avoid certain places or situations, especially if they have experienced panic attacks there before.
Traumatic Experiences: Panic attacks can sometimes be triggered by past traumatic experiences, which might resurface during nighttime, leading to a heightened state of anxiety and panic.
Substance Use: The consumption of certain substances, such as drugs or alcohol, can trigger panic attacks or exacerbate existing anxiety disorders.
Sleep Disorders: Some sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea or night terrors, can cause disruptions in sleep and contribute to nighttime panic attacks.
It's crucial that your brother seeks professional evaluation and support to identify the underlying cause of his panic attacks. A mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, can conduct a thorough assessment, provide a diagnosis, and suggest appropriate treatment options. Treatment for panic attacks and associated conditions may include therapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) and, in some cases, medication.
Encourage your brother to talk to a healthcare professional about his experiences so that he can receive the help and support he needs to manage and overcome these panic attacks. In the meantime, offering understanding and support can be valuable during challenging times.