Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and persistent behaviors to restrict food intake, leading to significant weight loss and malnutrition. The diagnosis of anorexia is not solely based on the act of "starving" oneself but involves a combination of psychological, behavioral, and physical criteria. According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include:
Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight for one's age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. This is usually defined as a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5.
An intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though the person is underweight.
Disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
In postmenarcheal females (those who have started menstruating), the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles (amenorrhea) is also a common feature, although this criterion does not apply to males or females who have not yet reached puberty.
It's essential to note that anorexia nervosa is a complex mental health condition that goes beyond merely restricting food intake. It involves a profound psychological component and often requires professional treatment for recovery. If you or someone you know is showing signs of anorexia or struggling with disordered eating behaviors, it's crucial to seek help from healthcare professionals experienced in eating disorder treatment as early intervention can improve the chances of successful recovery.