Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD) is a psychological condition that can develop as a result of exposure to prolonged and repeated traumatic events, especially during childhood or early developmental stages. While regular PTSD typically stems from a single traumatic incident, cPTSD is associated with ongoing and chronic trauma.
The main causes of cPTSD include:
Childhood abuse or neglect: Experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual abuse during childhood can be profoundly traumatic and have long-lasting effects on an individual's mental health.
Chronic interpersonal trauma: Repeated exposure to traumatic events in close relationships, such as domestic violence, ongoing emotional abuse, or prolonged captivity, can contribute to the development of cPTSD.
War and conflict: Individuals who have experienced prolonged exposure to combat situations or who have been subjected to torture, violence, or captivity during war or conflict may develop cPTSD.
Human trafficking: Survivors of human trafficking often experience prolonged and severe trauma, leading to the development of cPTSD.
Repeated loss or abandonment: Frequent experiences of loss, such as multiple bereavements or being abandoned or rejected multiple times, can also be a factor in cPTSD.
Neglectful or unstable caregiving: Growing up in an environment with inconsistent or neglectful caregivers can result in attachment issues and contribute to the development of cPTSD.
Childhood illness or medical procedures: Children who undergo prolonged medical treatment or repeated painful procedures may also be at risk of developing cPTSD.
It's important to note that not everyone exposed to traumatic events will develop cPTSD, as individual differences, resilience, coping mechanisms, and support systems can play a role in the outcome. Additionally, some people may experience symptoms of both cPTSD and regular PTSD, and their conditions may overlap. If you or someone you know is struggling with trauma-related symptoms, seeking professional help from a mental health expert experienced in trauma treatment is essential.