Yes, a 4-year-old child can remember a traumatic event, but the capacity for memory and how they recall the event may differ from older children or adults. Memory formation and retention can vary depending on individual factors, the nature of the trauma, and how the child copes with the experience.
Research suggests that young children, including 4-year-olds, have the ability to remember events, especially if those events are emotionally significant or traumatic. However, their memory might not be as detailed or coherent as an older child or adult's memory of the same event. Memories at this age tend to be more fragmented and may rely heavily on sensory and emotional aspects of the experience.
Additionally, the way children express and communicate their memories can be different from verbal recall. They might use play, drawings, or other non-verbal means to express their feelings and perceptions of the event. As a result, it's crucial to be attentive and sensitive to a young child's behavior and communication to understand their experiences better.
It's important to note that traumatic events can have a significant impact on a child's well-being and development. If you suspect a child has experienced trauma, it's essential to seek professional help from a pediatrician, child psychologist, or counselor trained in working with young children who have experienced trauma. Early intervention and support can be crucial for a child's emotional recovery and coping mechanisms.