The question of when life begins is a complex and controversial topic that has been debated for centuries, and different cultures, religions, and ethical perspectives have varying views on the matter. The distinction between the start of life at birth instead of conception is primarily rooted in legal, ethical, and scientific considerations. Here are some of the key reasons why life is typically considered to start at birth:
Legal definition: Many legal systems around the world consider a person to exist and attain legal rights after birth. Birth is a clear and objective event that can be documented, whereas the moment of conception is not always precisely identifiable or may not be acknowledged legally.
Viability: Viability refers to the stage at which a fetus can survive outside the womb. In the past, before advanced medical technology, viability typically occurred at around 24 weeks of gestation. As medical science and neonatal care have advanced, the threshold of viability has been pushed earlier in gestation. However, even today, many countries have laws permitting abortion up to a certain point in pregnancy, often before the fetus is considered viable outside the womb.
Bodily autonomy and reproductive rights: By considering life to begin at birth, the focus is on the bodily autonomy and reproductive rights of the pregnant person. This viewpoint argues that a person should have control over their own body and should be able to make decisions about their pregnancy without external interference.
Ensuring the health and well-being of the mother: If life were considered to begin at conception, there could be potential legal and ethical implications regarding the rights and responsibilities of the fetus. This could lead to situations where the well-being of the mother is compromised in favor of the fetus, which may raise concerns about the mother's health and autonomy.
Religio-philosophical perspectives: Different religious and philosophical traditions hold diverse beliefs about when life begins. Some believe life begins at conception due to religious teachings and the belief in the soul's presence at that moment. Others believe life starts later in pregnancy or at birth, based on their interpretation of sacred texts or philosophical reasoning.
It's essential to recognize that this is a complex and multifaceted issue, and opinions on when life begins may vary significantly depending on individual beliefs, cultural norms, and societal values. The debate around when life begins is ongoing, and it is essential to approach the topic with empathy, respect, and consideration for differing perspectives.