Drugs can be absorbed into the body through various routes, depending on the drug's form (e.g., tablet, capsule, injection) and the target location. Here are some common routes of drug absorption:
Oral (via the mouth): This is one of the most common routes of drug administration. Drugs in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids are taken orally and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. The drug dissolves in the stomach or small intestine and then passes into the bloodstream, which transports it to various tissues and organs throughout the body.
Intravenous (IV): Drugs administered intravenously are directly injected into a vein, providing rapid and complete absorption. This route delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
Intramuscular (IM): Injections given intramuscularly deliver drugs into a muscle. The drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the capillaries surrounding the muscle tissue.
Subcutaneous (SC): Injections administered subcutaneously are delivered just beneath the skin. The drug is absorbed through the subcutaneous tissue and then enters the bloodstream.
Inhalation: Some drugs are inhaled into the lungs, where they are absorbed through the lung tissue and enter the bloodstream. This route is often used for medications targeting respiratory conditions.
Topical: Drugs applied topically to the skin, eye, or mucous membranes are absorbed through those tissues and can act locally or be absorbed into the bloodstream for systemic effects.
Transdermal: Transdermal patches are designed to deliver drugs through the skin gradually. The drug molecules penetrate the skin's layers and enter the bloodstream, providing a controlled and sustained release of the medication.
Once drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream, they circulate throughout the body, reaching their target sites where they exert their therapeutic effects. The absorption rate and efficiency can be influenced by factors such as the drug's formulation, the presence of food in the stomach, the individual's health condition, and interactions with other medications or substances.
It's important to note that the route of administration can affect the onset and duration of drug action, as well as the potential for side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to follow the prescribed method of drug administration and any specific instructions given by healthcare professionals.