Hormonal therapy, also known as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), is a common and effective treatment approach for prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is often fueled by the male hormones called androgens, with testosterone being the most significant androgen. Hormonal therapy works by reducing the levels of androgens in the body or by blocking their action on prostate cancer cells, as these cells need androgens to grow and multiply.
There are different types of hormonal therapy used in the treatment of prostate cancer:
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Agonists: LHRH agonists are medications that reduce the production of testosterone by the testicles. They work by initially increasing testosterone levels (a flare reaction) for a short time, followed by a prolonged reduction in testosterone production. The increased initial testosterone levels can cause a temporary worsening of symptoms before the beneficial effects of decreased testosterone levels take effect.
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Antagonists: LHRH antagonists are another type of medication that quickly reduces testosterone production without causing the initial flare reaction seen with LHRH agonists.
Anti-Androgens: These drugs block the action of androgens on prostate cancer cells. They can be used alone or in combination with LHRH agonists or antagonists to further reduce androgen signaling in the body.
Orchiectomy: Orchiectomy is a surgical procedure in which the testicles are removed. Since the testicles are the primary source of testosterone production, this surgical intervention significantly reduces androgen levels in the body.
Hormonal therapy can be used in different stages of prostate cancer treatment:
Localized Prostate Cancer: In cases where prostate cancer is confined to the prostate gland, hormonal therapy may be used in combination with radiation therapy to enhance the radiation's effectiveness and shrink the tumor before surgery.
Advanced Prostate Cancer: Hormonal therapy is a standard treatment for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. It aims to slow down the growth and spread of cancer cells and may help alleviate cancer-related symptoms.
Despite its benefits, hormonal therapy is not a cure for prostate cancer. Over time, prostate cancer cells may become resistant to hormonal therapy, and the disease may progress. This stage is known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and additional treatments are then required.
It's essential to discuss the potential benefits and side effects of hormonal therapy with a healthcare professional who can tailor the treatment plan based on the individual's specific condition and needs.