Question

How can I differentiate a hypertension crisis from a panic attack or anxiety attack?

Answer 1

Distinguishing between a hypertension crisis and a panic/anxiety attack is crucial as they have different causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Here are the key differences:

Hypertension Crisis (Hypertensive Emergency):

1. Cause: A hypertension crisis is primarily caused by severely elevated blood pressure (hypertension) that poses an immediate risk to health. It can occur due to various factors, such as medication non-compliance, underlying medical conditions, drug interactions, or acute stressors.
2. Symptoms: Common symptoms include severe headache, blurred vision, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, confusion, severe anxiety, and in some cases, neurological symptoms like numbness or weakness on one side of the body.
3. Blood Pressure Levels: In a hypertensive emergency, blood pressure readings are significantly elevated, typically above 180/120 mmHg. However, it's important to note that symptoms alone are not enough to diagnose a hypertensive emergency; it requires the confirmation of high blood pressure readings.
4. Immediate Medical Attention: A hypertension crisis is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as it can lead to serious complications such as stroke, heart attack, or organ damage.

Panic Attack / Anxiety Attack:

1. Cause: Panic attacks or anxiety attacks are generally caused by acute and intense feelings of fear, worry, or anxiety. They can be triggered by specific stressors or may occur seemingly out of the blue.
2. Symptoms: During a panic attack, individuals may experience a sudden and overwhelming sense of fear or impending doom. Physical symptoms can include rapid heart rate, chest pain, trembling, sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a feeling of losing control or going crazy.
3. Blood Pressure Levels: While blood pressure can increase during a panic attack due to the activation of the "fight or flight" response, it usually does not reach dangerously high levels as in a hypertensive emergency.
4. Duration: Panic attacks typically reach their peak within minutes and usually subside within 20-30 minutes, although the overall feeling of anxiety may linger for a longer period.

Differentiation and Action:

1. Blood Pressure Measurement: Measuring blood pressure during the episode can help differentiate between the two. If you have a blood pressure monitor available, check your readings during the episode. If the blood pressure is significantly elevated (above 180/120 mmHg), it might indicate a hypertension crisis.
2. Context and Triggers: Consider the context of the event. If it's related to a stressful situation or intense fear and anxiety, it's more likely to be a panic or anxiety attack. On the other hand, if there are no apparent triggers or you have a history of hypertension, it may be more indicative of a hypertensive crisis.
3. Seeking Medical Help: Regardless of the cause, if you are experiencing severe symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, or neurological symptoms, seek immediate medical attention to rule out any serious medical conditions.

It's important to remember that self-diagnosis can be risky, and it is always best to seek professional medical evaluation if you are uncertain about the cause of your symptoms. If you have a history of hypertension or anxiety-related disorders, work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your conditions effectively.