A full-blown panic attack is a sudden and intense episode of overwhelming fear or discomfort that typically peaks within a few minutes. These attacks can be very distressing and may lead individuals to believe they are experiencing a life-threatening situation, even though there is no real danger present. Panic attacks are a hallmark symptom of panic disorder, but they can also occur in other anxiety disorders or as a standalone occurrence.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which is used by mental health professionals for diagnosing mental disorders, defines a panic attack as the presence of four or more of the following symptoms:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate.
- Sweating.
- Trembling or shaking.
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.
- Feelings of choking.
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- Nausea or abdominal distress.
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint.
- Chills or heat sensations.
- Paresthesia (numbness or tingling sensations).
- Derealization (feeling of unreality) or depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself).
- Fear of losing control or going crazy.
- Fear of dying.
It is possible for someone to experience a panic attack without a history of generalized anxiety or panic disorder. Panic attacks can sometimes be triggered by specific situations, stressors, or even by a one-time event. In such cases, the person might not have experienced any anxiety-related symptoms before the panic attack or after it. However, if someone starts experiencing recurrent panic attacks or develops anxiety symptoms after the initial episode, it could be an indication of an anxiety disorder or other underlying issues that need attention.
It is essential to remember that everyone's experience with anxiety and panic attacks can vary, and if someone experiences panic attacks or any troubling symptoms, it's crucial for them to seek professional help to understand the cause and receive appropriate support and treatment. Mental health professionals can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the best course of action based on the individual's specific situation.