Mood changes that occur one week before a woman's period are commonly referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS is a collection of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the days leading up to menstruation. While the exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, hormonal fluctuations are believed to play a significant role in triggering these mood changes.
During the menstrual cycle, hormone levels fluctuate as part of the natural process of preparing the body for potential pregnancy. These hormonal changes can affect neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, which plays a role in regulating mood. Here are some key factors contributing to mood changes during the premenstrual phase:
Estrogen and Progesterone: Estrogen and progesterone are two primary hormones involved in the menstrual cycle. As menstruation approaches, there is a decline in estrogen and an increase in progesterone. These hormonal shifts can impact neurotransmitter activity and contribute to mood swings and emotional sensitivity.
Serotonin Levels: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can affect serotonin levels in the brain, leading to mood changes, irritability, and mood swings.
Endorphins: Endorphins are chemicals produced in the brain that promote feelings of well-being and reduce pain perception. Hormonal changes during the premenstrual phase can influence endorphin levels, affecting mood and pain sensitivity.
Stress and Lifestyle: The stress associated with PMS symptoms and other lifestyle factors, such as lack of sleep, poor diet, and inadequate exercise, can exacerbate mood changes during this time.
It's important to note that not all women experience severe mood changes during PMS, and the intensity of symptoms can vary from person to person. If the mood changes significantly interfere with daily functioning or quality of life, it may be helpful to seek support from a healthcare provider.
There are various management strategies for PMS, including lifestyle changes, stress reduction techniques, dietary adjustments, and, in some cases, medication. If you are concerned about your PMS symptoms, consult a healthcare professional who can provide personalized advice and guidance to help manage your specific situation.