The definition of alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), can vary based on different diagnostic criteria, but it generally refers to a chronic and severe pattern of alcohol consumption that leads to significant impairment or distress. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines specific criteria for diagnosing alcohol use disorder, which can help determine if someone is struggling with alcoholism.
Here are the 11 criteria used in the DSM-5 to diagnose alcohol use disorder, and a person must meet at least two of these criteria within a 12-month period to be diagnosed with AUD:
- Drinking more or for a longer period than intended.
- Being unable to cut down or control alcohol consumption.
- Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from alcohol.
- Craving or a strong desire to drink alcohol.
- Repeatedly failing to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home due to alcohol use.
- Continuing to drink alcohol despite it causing social or interpersonal problems.
- Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to alcohol use.
- Repeatedly using alcohol in situations where it's physically hazardous (e.g., driving).
- Continued alcohol use despite knowing it contributes to a physical or psychological problem.
- Developing a tolerance to alcohol (needing more to achieve the same effects).
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is reduced or stopped.
The severity of alcohol use disorder can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met:
- Mild: 2 to 3 criteria
- Moderate: 4 to 5 criteria
- Severe: 6 or more criteria
It's important to note that alcoholism or alcohol use disorder is a medical condition and should be diagnosed by a healthcare professional or an addiction specialist. If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol use, it is essential to seek help and support from healthcare professionals, therapists, or support groups specializing in addiction and recovery. Early intervention can make a significant difference in effectively managing alcohol use disorder and improving the person's overall well-being.