It is essential to note that only a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, can provide a proper diagnosis of bipolar disorder. However, there are some common signs and symptoms associated with bipolar disorder that can help differentiate it from normal mood swings. These signs typically fall into two categories: manic episodes and depressive episodes. A person may have bipolar disorder if they experience the following:
Manic episodes:
- Elevated mood: Feeling unusually high or euphoric for an extended period, often lasting for at least a week.
- Increased energy and activity levels: Having a significant boost in energy and engaging in excessive, goal-directed activities.
- Decreased need for sleep: Feeling rested and full of energy after only a few hours of sleep or going without sleep for days.
- Racing thoughts: Having an abundance of thoughts and ideas that are difficult to control or keep up with.
- Impulsive behavior: Engaging in risky activities, such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or promiscuity.
- Grandiosity: Feeling overly confident or having an inflated sense of self-importance.
- Distractibility: Being easily distracted and finding it challenging to focus on one task.
Depressive episodes:
- Persistent sadness: Feeling extremely low, sad, or empty for an extended period, often lasting for at least two weeks.
- Loss of interest: Losing interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
- Fatigue: Experiencing extreme tiredness and lack of energy, leading to decreased productivity.
- Changes in sleep: Either experiencing insomnia or sleeping excessively.
- Changes in appetite or weight: Significant changes in eating habits and body weight.
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt: Having strong feelings of self-blame or inadequacy.
- Difficulty concentrating: Finding it hard to focus, make decisions, or remember things.
- Thoughts of death or suicide: Having thoughts about death, dying, or harming oneself.
What sets bipolar disorder apart from normal mood swings is the severity, duration, and impact on daily life. Bipolar disorder involves extreme shifts in mood that last for more extended periods, whereas normal mood swings are generally shorter and less intense. Additionally, bipolar disorder can significantly disrupt a person's relationships, work, and overall functioning.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms that may indicate bipolar disorder, it is crucial to seek professional help from a mental health expert. A correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.