Manic episodes in bipolar disorder typically do not last longer than six months. In fact, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder specify that a manic episode must last for at least one week (7 days) to meet the criteria. However, if left untreated, a manic episode can extend for several weeks or even months.
It's crucial to understand that bipolar disorder consists of alternating episodes of mania and depression. The pattern is usually characterized as follows:
Manic Episode: A period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting for at least one week. During this period, the individual may experience increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, reckless behavior, and poor judgment.
Hypomanic Episode: Similar to a manic episode but with milder symptoms and a shorter duration (at least four days). Hypomanic episodes are less severe and may not lead to significant impairment.
Major Depressive Episode: A period of intense sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, feelings of worthlessness, changes in sleep and appetite, and possible thoughts of death or suicide.
The duration and frequency of these episodes can vary from person to person. Most individuals with bipolar disorder experience cycles of mood episodes, with periods of normal mood in between. The frequency and length of these episodes can be influenced by factors like medication adherence, stress levels, lifestyle, and the individual's specific subtype of bipolar disorder.
If someone experiences mood episodes that last longer than expected or if the symptoms are severe and affecting daily functioning, it's crucial for them to seek professional help from a mental health provider. Bipolar disorder is a treatable condition, and appropriate management, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments, can help individuals lead fulfilling lives.