People with bipolar disorder primarily experience shifts between distinct mood episodes, which are typically more prolonged and involve either manic or hypomanic states (elevated mood) and depressive states (low mood). These mood episodes can last for days, weeks, or even months.
Manic/Hypomanic Episodes: During manic or hypomanic episodes, individuals may experience elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts, impulsivity, and engagement in risky behaviors. In the case of hypomania, the symptoms are less severe and do not significantly impair daily functioning.
Depressive Episodes: During depressive episodes, individuals experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide or self-harm.
The shifts between these episodes are not typically rapid or occurring on a daily basis. Instead, they occur over an extended period, and individuals may have periods of stability in between mood episodes.
It's important to note that rapid mood swings within the span of a single day are not characteristic of bipolar disorder. Instead, such rapid and frequent mood changes are more commonly associated with other mood disorders, such as cyclothymic disorder or some personality disorders like borderline personality disorder (BPD).
If you or someone you know is experiencing dramatic and rapid mood swings, it's essential to seek a professional evaluation from a mental health specialist. Accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial for managing any mental health condition effectively.