Bipolar disorder, by definition, involves episodes of both mania and depression. There are several types of bipolar disorder, and the two main types that include mania are:
Bipolar I Disorder: In Bipolar I Disorder, individuals experience manic episodes that last for at least seven days (or less if severe symptoms require hospitalization) and may also have depressive episodes lasting for at least two weeks. Mania is a distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy, impulsivity, decreased need for sleep, and heightened self-esteem.
Bipolar II Disorder: Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes. Hypomania is a milder form of mania, where the symptoms are less severe and do not cause significant impairment in daily functioning. Unlike the full-blown mania seen in Bipolar I Disorder, hypomania typically doesn't lead to hospitalization or psychosis.
In both types of bipolar disorder, individuals experience periods of relatively stable mood between episodes, which can be mistaken for being "normal." Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and treatment to prevent or minimize the impact of mood episodes on a person's life.
It's important to note that the presence of mania or hypomania is a key feature that distinguishes bipolar disorder from unipolar depression (major depressive disorder), where individuals experience only depressive episodes without any history of mania or hypomania. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, it's essential to seek professional help from a mental health specialist for proper evaluation and treatment.