Question

What are the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? What are the symptoms of regular PMS? How are the two disorders different?

Answer 1

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) are both related to the menstrual cycle, but they are different in terms of severity and the range of symptoms experienced. While PMS is relatively common and less severe, PMDD is a more severe condition that can significantly impact a person's emotional and physical well-being. Let's explore the symptoms of each disorder and their differences:

Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that affects a smaller percentage of menstruating individuals. The symptoms of PMDD are more intense and can interfere with daily activities and relationships. The diagnostic criteria for PMDD, according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), include:

1. Mood-related symptoms:

   • Feelings of sadness or hopelessness
   • Severe mood swings
   • Intense irritability or anger
   • Increased sensitivity to rejection or criticism

2. Physical symptoms:

   • Fatigue or lack of energy
   • Changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or hypersomnia)
   • Appetite changes or food cravings
   • Physical symptoms like bloating, breast tenderness, or headaches

3. Behavioral symptoms:

   • Difficulty concentrating
   • Feeling overwhelmed or out of control
   • Decreased interest in usual activities

These symptoms occur during the week before menstruation, improve significantly within a few days after the period starts, and are absent during the postmenstrual week.

Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): PMS is a milder form of premenstrual discomfort and affects a larger percentage of menstruating individuals. The symptoms of PMS are generally less severe and do not necessarily interfere with daily activities. Common PMS symptoms include:

1. Mood-related symptoms:

   • Mild mood swings
   • Mild irritability or emotional sensitivity

2. Physical symptoms:

   • Breast tenderness
   • Bloating
   • Mild fatigue

3. Behavioral symptoms:

   • Mild changes in appetite or food cravings
   • Mild difficulty concentrating

The symptoms of PMS may start during the week before menstruation and resolve within a few days after the period begins.

Differences between PMDD and PMS: The primary differences between PMDD and PMS are:

1. Severity: PMDD is more severe than PMS, with more intense emotional and physical symptoms that can significantly impact a person's life.

2. Impact on daily life: PMDD can interfere with work, relationships, and daily functioning, whereas PMS typically causes milder discomfort and does not disrupt life to the same extent.

3. Prevalence: PMDD is less common than PMS. Only a smaller percentage of menstruating individuals experience PMDD, while PMS affects a larger proportion of women.

It's important to note that if someone suspects they may have PMDD or PMS and the symptoms are significantly affecting their quality of life, they should seek medical advice and evaluation from a healthcare professional. Treatment options, including lifestyle changes, counseling, and medication, can be effective in managing both PMDD and PMS symptoms.