The disorder you are referring to is called "Intellectual Disability" (ID), formerly known as "Mental Retardation." It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Individuals with intellectual disability typically have difficulties with learning, problem-solving, and everyday practical skills, which can result in them functioning at a level significantly below their chronological age.
It's essential to note that individuals with intellectual disability are diverse in their abilities and strengths, and the condition can range from mild to severe. There are various causes of intellectual disability, including genetic factors, prenatal exposure to toxins or infections, birth complications, and early childhood trauma.
It's important to treat individuals with intellectual disabilities with respect, understanding, and appropriate support to help them lead fulfilling and meaningful lives. Supportive environments, education, and appropriate interventions can make a significant difference in their overall well-being and development.