No, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not classified as a mental illness in the United States. Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, not a mental illness.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that typically emerge in early childhood and affect the development of the nervous system, including the brain's structure and function. Autism is characterized by a range of challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.
In the United States, Autism Spectrum Disorder is classified under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. However, it is important to note that the DSM-5 categorizes Autism Spectrum Disorder under the section of "Neurodevelopmental Disorders," not under "Mental Disorders."
The distinction is significant because mental illnesses typically refer to conditions that primarily affect mood, thinking, and behavior. In contrast, neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism affect the development and functioning of the brain and its neural circuits.
It is crucial to understand these distinctions to reduce stigma, promote accurate understanding, and ensure that individuals with Autism receive appropriate support and accommodations for their unique needs. Additionally, the recognition of Autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder helps in the development of specialized interventions and therapies tailored to address the specific challenges individuals with Autism may experience.