the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association. To receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, an individual must exhibit a combination of symptoms, including at least two of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (e.g., reduced emotional expression or avolition).
To clarify, catatonic schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by prominent catatonic symptoms, which can involve a range of abnormal motor behaviors or lack of movement. These symptoms might include stupor (lack of response to stimuli), rigidity, excessive purposeless motor activity, negativism (resistance to instructions or maintaining a rigid posture against attempts to be moved), and mutism (lack of speech).
While auditory hallucinations and delusions are common symptoms of schizophrenia, it is possible for an individual to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia without experiencing them. As per the DSM-5 criteria, as long as the person meets the required criteria, such as exhibiting disorganized speech and catatonic behaviors, they can be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
It's essential to remember that mental health disorders can present differently in each individual, and professionals consider the full range of symptoms and their impact on the person's life before making a diagnosis. If you or someone you know is experiencing mental health concerns, it is crucial to seek help from a qualified mental health professional for a comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis.