The primary mechanism of aspirin as an antipyretic is believed to be related to its ability to inhibit the production of prostaglandins.
When the body detects an infection or injury, it releases certain chemicals, including prostaglandins, which play a role in the inflammatory response. Prostaglandins are produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. There are two main forms of COX: COX-1 and COX-2.
Aspirin works by irreversibly inhibiting the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This inhibition reduces the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for signaling the hypothalamus in the brain to increase the body's temperature set-point, resulting in fever.
By reducing the production of prostaglandins, aspirin helps to lower the elevated body temperature and, consequently, alleviate fever. Additionally, aspirin's anti-inflammatory properties can also help reduce any inflammation associated with the fever.
It's important to note that while aspirin can be effective as an antipyretic, it should be used with caution, especially in children and individuals with certain medical conditions, due to the risk of side effects and Reye's syndrome in young individuals with viral infections. Always follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional before using aspirin or any medication.